diff --git a/zebra-chain/src/transaction.rs b/zebra-chain/src/transaction.rs
index c165b7e0..2f677c47 100644
--- a/zebra-chain/src/transaction.rs
+++ b/zebra-chain/src/transaction.rs
@@ -266,6 +266,21 @@ impl Transaction {
                     .contains(orchard::Flags::ENABLE_OUTPUTS))
     }
 
+    /// Does this transaction has at least one flag when we have at least one orchard action?
+    ///
+    /// [NU5 onward] If effectiveVersion >= 5 and nActionsOrchard > 0, then at least one
+    /// of enableSpendsOrchard and enableOutputsOrchard MUST be 1.
+    ///
+    /// https://zips.z.cash/protocol/protocol.pdf#txnconsensus
+    pub fn has_enough_orchard_flags(&self) -> bool {
+        if self.version() < 5 || self.orchard_actions().count() == 0 {
+            return true;
+        }
+        self.orchard_flags()
+            .unwrap_or_else(orchard::Flags::empty)
+            .intersects(orchard::Flags::ENABLE_SPENDS | orchard::Flags::ENABLE_OUTPUTS)
+    }
+
     /// Returns the [`CoinbaseSpendRestriction`] for this transaction,
     /// assuming it is mined at `spend_height`.
     pub fn coinbase_spend_restriction(
diff --git a/zebra-consensus/src/error.rs b/zebra-consensus/src/error.rs
index 6432902b..3759a648 100644
--- a/zebra-consensus/src/error.rs
+++ b/zebra-consensus/src/error.rs
@@ -116,6 +116,9 @@ pub enum TransactionError {
 
     #[error("orchard double-spend: duplicate nullifier: {_0:?}")]
     DuplicateOrchardNullifier(orchard::Nullifier),
+
+    #[error("must have at least one active orchard flag")]
+    NotEnoughFlags,
 }
 
 impl From<BoxError> for TransactionError {
diff --git a/zebra-consensus/src/transaction.rs b/zebra-consensus/src/transaction.rs
index 201b8081..37666934 100644
--- a/zebra-consensus/src/transaction.rs
+++ b/zebra-consensus/src/transaction.rs
@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@ where
 
             // Do basic checks first
             check::has_inputs_and_outputs(&tx)?;
+            check::has_enough_orchard_flags(&tx)?;
 
             if req.is_mempool() && tx.has_any_coinbase_inputs() {
                 return Err(TransactionError::CoinbaseInMempool);
diff --git a/zebra-consensus/src/transaction/check.rs b/zebra-consensus/src/transaction/check.rs
index 3345ea03..ed5a6719 100644
--- a/zebra-consensus/src/transaction/check.rs
+++ b/zebra-consensus/src/transaction/check.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,20 @@ pub fn has_inputs_and_outputs(tx: &Transaction) -> Result<(), TransactionError>
     }
 }
 
+/// Checks that the transaction has enough orchard flags.
+///
+/// For `Transaction::V5` only:
+/// * If `orchard_actions_count` > 0 then at least one of
+/// `ENABLE_SPENDS|ENABLE_OUTPUTS` must be active.
+///
+/// https://zips.z.cash/protocol/protocol.pdf#txnencodingandconsensus
+pub fn has_enough_orchard_flags(tx: &Transaction) -> Result<(), TransactionError> {
+    if !tx.has_enough_orchard_flags() {
+        return Err(TransactionError::NotEnoughFlags);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Check that a coinbase transaction has no PrevOut inputs, JoinSplits, or spends.
 ///
 /// A coinbase transaction MUST NOT have any transparent inputs, JoinSplit descriptions,
diff --git a/zebra-consensus/src/transaction/tests.rs b/zebra-consensus/src/transaction/tests.rs
index dfe7f859..2249540c 100644
--- a/zebra-consensus/src/transaction/tests.rs
+++ b/zebra-consensus/src/transaction/tests.rs
@@ -114,6 +114,49 @@ fn fake_v5_transaction_with_orchard_actions_has_inputs_and_outputs() {
     assert!(check::has_inputs_and_outputs(&transaction).is_ok());
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn fake_v5_transaction_with_orchard_actions_has_flags() {
+    // Find a transaction with no inputs or outputs to use as base
+    let mut transaction = fake_v5_transactions_for_network(
+        Network::Mainnet,
+        zebra_test::vectors::MAINNET_BLOCKS.iter(),
+    )
+    .rev()
+    .find(|transaction| {
+        transaction.inputs().is_empty()
+            && transaction.outputs().is_empty()
+            && transaction.sapling_spends_per_anchor().next().is_none()
+            && transaction.sapling_outputs().next().is_none()
+            && transaction.joinsplit_count() == 0
+    })
+    .expect("At least one fake V5 transaction with no inputs and no outputs");
+
+    // Insert fake Orchard shielded data to the transaction, which has at least one action (this is
+    // guaranteed structurally by `orchard::ShieldedData`)
+    insert_fake_orchard_shielded_data(&mut transaction);
+
+    // The check will fail if the transaction has no flags
+    assert_eq!(
+        check::has_enough_orchard_flags(&transaction),
+        Err(TransactionError::NotEnoughFlags)
+    );
+
+    // If we add ENABLE_SPENDS flag it will pass.
+    let shielded_data = insert_fake_orchard_shielded_data(&mut transaction);
+    shielded_data.flags = orchard::Flags::ENABLE_SPENDS;
+    assert!(check::has_enough_orchard_flags(&transaction).is_ok());
+
+    // If we add ENABLE_OUTPUTS flag instead, it will pass.
+    let shielded_data = insert_fake_orchard_shielded_data(&mut transaction);
+    shielded_data.flags = orchard::Flags::ENABLE_OUTPUTS;
+    assert!(check::has_enough_orchard_flags(&transaction).is_ok());
+
+    // If we add BOTH ENABLE_SPENDS and ENABLE_OUTPUTS flags it will pass.
+    let shielded_data = insert_fake_orchard_shielded_data(&mut transaction);
+    shielded_data.flags = orchard::Flags::ENABLE_SPENDS | orchard::Flags::ENABLE_OUTPUTS;
+    assert!(check::has_enough_orchard_flags(&transaction).is_ok());
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn v5_transaction_with_no_inputs_fails_validation() {
     let transaction = fake_v5_transactions_for_network(