This commit changes the state system and database format to track the
provenance of UTXOs, in addition to the outputs themselves.
Specifically, it tracks the following additional metadata:
- the height at which the UTXO was created;
- whether or not the UTXO was created from a coinbase transaction or
not.
This metadata will allow us to:
- check the coinbase maturity consensus rule;
- check the coinbase inputs => no transparent outputs rule;
- implement lookup of transactions by utxo (using the height to find the
block and then scanning the block) for a future RPC mechanism.
Closes#1342
## Motivation
Prior to this PR we've been using `sled` as our database for storing persistent chain data on the disk between boots. We picked sled over rocksdb to minimize our c++ dependencies despite it being a less mature codebase. The theory was if it worked well enough we'd prefer to have a pure rust codebase, but if we ever ran into problems we knew we could easily swap it out with rocksdb.
Well, we ran into problems. Sled's memory usage was particularly high, and it seemed to be leaking memory. On top of all that, the performance for writes was pretty poor, causing us to become bottle-necked on sled instead of the network.
## Solution
This PR replaces `sled` with `rocksdb`. We've seen a 10x improvement in memory usage out of the box, no more leaking, and much better write performance. With this change writing chain data to disk is no longer a limiting factor in how quickly we can sync the chain.
The code in this pull request has:
- [x] Documentation Comments
- [x] Unit Tests and Property Tests
## Review
@hdevalence
## Motivation
While working on the block locator fix PR together with Henry we noticed that we'd accidentally serialized entire transactions in `tx_by_hash`, instead of serializing just the height of the block and the index of the transaction within the block, as described by the original RFC.
## Solution
We've fixed it by adding a `TransactionLocation` new type, which handles the sled format traits. We've removed the sled format impls for `Transaction` to prevent inserting the wrong data in the future. Finally we've bumped the database format to reflect the change in the format on the disk and its incompatibility with previous versions.
Deirdre Connolly
Henry de Valence
Jane Lusby
Jane Lusby